In the dense, perpetually damp undergrowth of northeastern Madagascar’s Masoala Peninsula, a soft, high-frequency buzzing sound rises from the wet leaf litter. To an untrained ear, the noise mimics the steady stridulation of cicadas or crickets. However, this acoustic signal does not originate from an insect, but rather from a bizarre, brightly colored mammal navigating the shadowy floor of the rainforest. This is the lowland streaked tenrec ( Hemicentetes semispinosus ), a living evolutionary anomaly that has baffled biologists for decades. Resembling a whimsical cross between a tiny hedgehog and a miniature shrew, this insectivore is adorned with a striking coat of yellow and black barbed quills. While most spiny mammals use their modified hairs exclusively for defense, the lowland streaked tenrec has repurposed a subset of its spines into an intricate communication system. Recent bioacoustic and genomic studies have shed new light on how this creature became the only know...